Genetics, Respiration, Photosynthesis, Evolution, Biodiversity and Ecology

1. What are the “couples” in complementary base pairing in DNA? In RNA?
2. Who is given credit for figuring out how inheritance works?
3. What is the basic structure of DNA? Who is given credit for determining that structure?
4. What are the three levels of DNA? What does each of those levels deal with?
5. What is the function of DNA? mRNA?
6. What are the possible outcomes of a gene mutation?
7. DNA——–DNA———-RNA———Protein
   (1) (2) (3) Name the process represented by the arrows(1,2,3).
   Remember that TransCription comes before TransLation because C comes before L.
8. What is DNA profiling (fingerprinting) and what can it be used for?
9. What is Gene Therapy and how does It work?

Respiration

1. What is the general equation for photosynthesis? What are the outputs (products)? What are the inputs (reactants or starting materials)?
2. What is the general equation for cellular respiration? What are the outputs? Inputs?
3. How are the general equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
4. What is ATP? Where is it made?
5. What is the difference between a homeotherm and a poikilotherm?
6. Where does actual gas exchange take place in the respiration system of humans?
7. What volume of air does Vital Capacity refer to?
8. What is the function of the trachea and describe its structure? Compare it to the esophagus.
9. What is the function of the epiglottis and where is it located?
10. What is hyperventilation and how does it affect carbon dioxide levels in the blood? How does it affect oxygen levels?

Photosynthesis

1. Again, what is the general equation for photosynthesis? What are the outputs? Inputs?
2. What is molecule is used to store the products of photosynthesis?
3. How are the general equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
4. What is the origin of fossil fuel ?
5. What is the difference between an autotroph and a heterotroph?
6. What is the difference between a producer and a consumer?
7. What part of the plant does photosynthesis take place? In which organelle? In which part of that organelle’s structure do the various stages of photosynthesis occur?
8. What is transpiration and where does it primarily occur?
9. What is the function of the stomata? What is the function of the guard cells, in which layer of the leaf does photosynthesis occur ?
10. How do our eyes perceive different wavelengths of light?
11. What is the difference between color and pigment?
12. What is chromatography and what is it used for?

Evolution

1. Understand the difference between microevolution and macroevolution.
2. Be able to define and identify a species.
3. What does the term “Natural Selection” refer to?
4. What causes new traits or new abilities? Can they be caused by selective pressures?
5. What does it mean for a species to become extinct? Endangered? Threatened?
6. Name the three causes of extinctions today. Which is the leading cause?
7. What is speciation?
8. What is conservation biology and what are its goals?
9. What is a habitat?
10. What defines a “mass extinction”?
    Biodiversity
11. Name and describe the three levels of biodiversity.
12. Which of these levels did we focus on in this lab and why?
13. Why is genetic diversity important?
14. What is SSP and why is it important?
15. What is an identification key and what is it used for?
16. What are the two components of species diversity? Be able to define both.
17. What is a biome?
18. What is the initial source of energy for nearly all biomes?
19. What is the Diversity Index and what does it tell us about ecological diversity?
    Ecology
20. What are the three levels of levels in increasing complexity?
21. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
22. Define biosphere. Define ecosystem. Define community.
23. What is a predator? Prey?
24. What is predator-prey coevolution?
25. What are mutations?
26. What does sexual reproduction accomplish in terms of biodiversity?
27. What is differential reproductive success?
28. How do predator prey relationships illustrate/explain evolution and ecology?
29. What is a food web and what are trophic levels?
30. What is a keystone species?
31. What is a trophic level and a trophic cascade.